The world has many different climates and they are usually classified by a system known as the Köppen climate classification. It uses letters from A to E to describe the climates of the world. Maps based on this classification use different colors to indicate the different climates. (Fonte: www.britannica.com)

The Köppen’s classification was created in 1900 and continues to be updated to this day. It divides the climates of the world into five main zones. These zones are defined based on factors that influence vegetation growth, like temperature and rainfall, so they all have different vegetation too.

Zone A, or the tropical zone, is located around the Equator line. In this area, there is a lot of sunlight throughout the year. Consequently, these regions tend to be hot and humid: the temperatures are high and it rains a lot. In these places, there are usually a wet and a dry season.

Like zone A, zone B, or the dry/arid zone, has high temperatures and clear, sunny skies. In the dry zone, however, it rains very little. For this reason, we find many deserts throughout this zone. It may be hard to find water in some of these regions and their vegetation is adapted to this.

Zone C, or the temperate zone, is characterized by a moderate climate. There are four well-defined seasons: spring, summer, fall, and winter. The temperatures are usually not extreme (neither too hot nor too cold). These places are also generally not too wet or too dry, with moderate rain.

The D zone, or continental zone, is characterized by colder weather. Although some regions have warm summers, the winters are usually extremely cold and snowy. The rainfall in these regions can vary, and there are wetter and drier places.

The polar zone, or zone E, is the coldest on Earth. It is characterized by the presence of snow and ice and extremely low temperatures and low rainfall. These regions are the most vulnerable to climate change, and their temperatures in the last few years have become warmer at an alarming pace.